Developing a hydrogen impurity enrichment device for measuring impurities in fuel-grade hydrogen
File(s)
Author(s)
Plunkett, Marc
Type
Thesis
Abstract
As government entities around the world seek to further develop their hydrogen economieswith the aim of reducing their CO2emissions from the transport sector further adoptionof fuel cell electric vehicles is expected. This thesis focused on developing a hydrogenimpurity enrichment device using an optimised palladium based membrane as a methodfor low cost measurement of impurities to ISO 14687 standards. The composition of thepalladium membrane was first optimised by screening of compositions using density func-tional theory. Compositions are simulated by placing ISO 14687 impurities on the surfaceand measuring their final energy level, with compositions which have a lower energy levelwith the impurity being deemed unsuitable. The best membrane compositions were thenfabricated using a number of thin film deposition techniques including electroless platingand magnetron sputtering. The resulting micron thick palladium membranes were thensubjected to two varieties of hydrogen impurities, carbonaceous and sulphurous, andtheir reactivity measured by using XPS and the change in hydrogen permeability whensubjected to impurities. The result from this was that PdCuZr membranes were theleast reactive and therefore the most suitable for hydrogen impurity enrichment where amembrane with low reactivity to impurities is required. Finally the resulting membranewas tested in an improved hydrogen impurity enrichment device which was set up withimproved process control systems. The membrane was benchmarked against a commer-cial PdAgAu membrane and tested using an inert sample, sulphurous sample and forthe first time a sample taken from a hydrogen refuelling station.
Version
Open Access
Date Issued
2020-09
Date Awarded
2021-02
Copyright Statement
Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives licence
Advisor
Li, Kang
Publisher Department
Chemical Engineering
Publisher Institution
Imperial College London
Qualification Level
Doctoral
Qualification Name
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)