Multi period optimization for stability improvement considering reserves: a case study of Pakistan power grid
File(s)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
To improve efficiency and stability amid rising demand, developed nations optimize energy and reserves jointly, addressing renewable intermittency and outages. In contrast, developing countries like Pakistan rely on merit-order dispatch and experiential reserves, lacking optimal modeling. This research proposes multi-period unit commitment for Pakistan’s grid, using MATPOWER Optimal Scheduling Tool (MOST) on a 114-bus model with seasonal/hourly load and renewable profiles. The solution delivers least-cost day-ahead energy/reserve schedules, ensuring reliability for contingencies and frequency regulation. Capacity payments for excess generation are criticized for fueling Pakistan’s circular debt, but this study finds ~36% of excess capacity is essential for spinning and regulation reserves. It also introduces hourly variable reserve pricing as an alternative to fixed capacity charges, with max prices of $65.36/MW (upward spinning), $63.05/MW (downward spinning), $11.19/MW (upward regulation), and $23.72/MW (downward regulation). These dynamic signals could reshape Pakistan’s capacity market, balancing cost and grid reliability.
Date Acceptance
2026-04-29
Citation
IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
ISSN
1751-8687
Publisher
Wiley
Journal / Book Title
IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
Copyright Statement
Copyright This paper is embargoed until publication. Once published the Version of Record (VoR) will be available on immediate open access.
License URL
Publication Status
Accepted