Transfer of polychlorinated, polybrominated and mixed-halogenated dioxins, furans and biphenyls, polychlorinated naphthalenes and alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorobenzenes to the milk of dairy cattle from controlled ingestion of industrial and municipal bioresources recycled to agricultural land
File(s)1-s2.0-S0048969723021654-main.pdf (2 MB)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Recycled bioresources (biosolids, compost-like-output, meat and bonemeal ash, poultry litter ash, paper sludge ash) were added to the feed of dairy cattle to simulate incidental ingestion from agricultural utilisation, to investigate the transfer of organic contaminants from the ingested materials to milk. The bioresources were blended with a loamy sand soil at agronomic rates to simulate a single application to land, which was added to the diet at 5 % of the total intake on a dry matter (DM) basis. Biosolids, and control treatments consisting of unamended soil, were also added directly to the feed at 5 % DM. The cattle were fed the bioresource amended diets for a target period of three to four weeks, depending on material, and monitoring continued for four weeks after treatment withdrawal. Milk samples were taken weekly with chemical analysis of selected samples for a range of organic contaminants including: polychlorinated, polybrominated and mixed-halogenated dioxins, furans and biphenyls, polychlorinated naphthalenes and alkanes (often called chlorinated paraffins), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorobenzenes. No statistically significant additional transfer of organic contaminants to the milk was detected due to the relatively low levels of contaminants present when the bioresources were incorporated with soil at agronomic rates. However, direct biosolids ingestion by cattle significantly increased the transfer of contaminants to milk in comparison to control animals. Although present in larger concentrations in biosolids than their chlorinated counterparts, the carry over rates and bioconcentration factors of brominated dioxins and furans were considerably smaller. Direct ingestion of biosolids resulted in most contaminants approaching, but not always completely reaching, steady state concentrations within the treatment feeding period, however, concentrations generally declined to control values within four-weeks after withdrawing the biosolids-amended diet.
Date Issued
2023-08-15
Date Acceptance
2023-04-13
Citation
Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 886, pp.1-16
ISSN
0048-9697
Publisher
Elsevier
Start Page
1
End Page
16
Journal / Book Title
Science of the Total Environment
Volume
886
Copyright Statement
© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
License URL
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37080322
PII: S0048-9697(23)02165-4
Subjects
Alkanes
Animals
Biosolids
Cattle
Chlorobenzenes
Dioxins
Eating
Furans
Milk
Naphthalenes
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Soil
Agriculture
Ash
Bioresource
Biosolids
Cattle
Compost-like-output
Grazing
Milk
Organic contaminants
Waste
Publication Status
Published
Coverage Spatial
Netherlands
Article Number
163546
Date Publish Online
2023-04-18