Impact of the gut microbiota on inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Boulangé, CL
Neves, AL
Chilloux, J
Nicholson, JK
Dumas, ME
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
The human gut harbors more than 100 trillion microbial cells, which have an essential role in human metabolic regulation via their symbiotic interactions with the host. Altered gut microbial ecosystems have been associated with increased metabolic and immune disorders in animals and humans. Molecular interactions linking the gut microbiota with host energy metabolism, lipid accumulation, and immunity have also been identified. However, the exact mechanisms that link specific variations in the composition of the gut microbiota with the development of obesity and metabolic diseases in humans remain obscure owing to the complex etiology of these pathologies. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about the mechanistic interactions between the gut microbiota, host energy metabolism, and the host immune system in the context of obesity and metabolic disease, with a focus on the importance of the axis that links gut microbes and host metabolic inflammation. Finally, we discuss therapeutic approaches aimed at reshaping the gut microbial ecosystem to regulate obesity and related pathologies, as well as the challenges that remain in this area.
Date Issued
2016-04-20
Date Acceptance
2016-04-12
Citation
Genome Medicine, 2016, 8
ISSN
1756-994X
Publisher
BioMed Central
Journal / Book Title
Genome Medicine
Volume
8
Copyright Statement
© 2016 Boulangé et al. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to
the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver
(http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to
the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver
(http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
License URL
Sponsor
Commission of the European Communities
Medical Research Council (MRC)
Identifier
PII: 10.1186/s13073-016-0303-2
Grant Number
305312
MR/M501797/1
Subjects
0604 Genetics
1103 Clinical Sciences
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
42