Defended to the nines: 25 years of resistance gene cloning identifies nine mechanisms for R protein function.
Author(s)
Kourelis, Jiorgos
van der Hoorn, Renier AL
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Plants have many, highly variable resistance (R) gene loci, which provide resistance to a variety of pathogens. The first R gene to be cloned, maize (Zea mays) Hm1, was published over 25 years ago, and since then, many different R genes have been identified and isolated. The encoded proteins have provided clues to the diverse molecular mechanisms underlying immunity. Here, we present a meta-analysis of 314 cloned R genes. The majority of R genes encode cell surface or intracellular receptors, and we distinguish nine molecular mechanisms by which R proteins can elevate or trigger disease resistance: direct (1) or indirect (2) perception of pathogen-derived molecules on the cell surface by receptor-like proteins and receptor-like kinases; direct (3) or indirect (4) intracellular detection of pathogen-derived molecules by nucleotide binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors, or detection through integrated domains (5); perception of transcription activator-like effectors through activation of executor genes (6); and active (7), passive (8), or host reprogramming-mediated (9) loss of susceptibility. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of R genes are only understood for a small proportion of known R genes, a clearer understanding of mechanisms is emerging and will be crucial for rational engineering and deployment of novel R genes.
Date Issued
2018-02-01
Date Acceptance
2018-01-29
Citation
The Plant Cell, 2018, 30 (2), pp.285-299
ISSN
1040-4651
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Start Page
285
End Page
299
Journal / Book Title
The Plant Cell
Volume
30
Issue
2
Copyright Statement
© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
License URL
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29382771
PII: tpc.17.00579
Subjects
Cloning, Molecular
Disease Resistance
Plant Diseases
Plant Proteins
Plants
Zea mays
Publication Status
Published
Coverage Spatial
England
Date Publish Online
2018-01-30