Computational models have become a fundamental tool in cardiac research. Models are evolving to cover
multiple scales and physical mechanisms. They are moving towards mechanistic descriptions of personalised structure and function, including effects of natural variability. These developments are
underpinned to a large extent by advances in imaging technologies. This article reviews how novel
imaging technologies, or the innovative use and extension of established ones, integrate with computational models and drive novel insights into cardiac biophysics. In terms of structural characterization,
we discuss how imaging is allowing a wide range of scales to be considered, from cellular levels to whole
organs. We analyse how the evolution from structural to functional imaging is opening new avenues for
computational models, and in this respect we review methods for measurement of electrical activity,
mechanics and flow. Finally, we consider ways in which combined imaging and modelling research is
likely to continue advancing cardiac research, and identify some of the main challenges that remain to be
solved.