Confocal fluorescence microscopy for real-time breast cancer diagnosis: current advances and future perspectives
File(s)
Published version (online)
Author(s)
Vyas, Khushi
Ezzat, Ahmed
Holford, Nicholas
Ramakrishnan, Rathi
Leff, Daniel
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) is a powerful optical biopsy technique which captures cellular resolution images of the tissue surface without the need for tissue fixation or sectioning. The evolution of CFM with miniaturization and fibre-based optics now allows rapid capture of wide field images with microscopic resolution. For in-situ diagnostics, there is growing evidence that CFM systems could rapidly and accurately identify breast cancer with clinically actionable results. This comprehensive review discusses different technological advances in CFM systems and explores emerging trends in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotic integration in breast cancer imaging. The review further discusses the clinical implications of these technologies, including their potential to reduce re-excision 1 Vyas et al.
Date Issued
2025-09-12
Date Acceptance
2025-08-18
Citation
Frontiers in Medical Engineering, 2025, 3, pp.1-17
ISSN
2813-687X
Publisher
Frontiers Media S.A.
Start Page
1
End Page
17
Journal / Book Title
Frontiers in Medical Engineering
Volume
3
Copyright Statement
© 2025 Vyas, Ezzat, Holford, Ramakrishnan and Leff. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
License URL
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
1607453