Diurnal rhythms in the human urine metabolome during sleep and total sleep deprivation
Author(s)
Giskeodegard, GF
Davies, SK
Revell, VL
Keun, H
Skene, DJ
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Understanding how metabolite levels change over the 24hour day is of crucial importance for
clinical and epidemiological studies. Additionally, the association between sleep deprivation and
metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity requires investigation into the links between sleep
and metabolism. Here, we characterise time-of-day variation and the effects of sleep deprivation
on urinary metabolite profiles. Healthy male participants (n=15) completed an in-laboratory study
comprising one 24h sleep/wake cycle prior to 24h of continual wakefulness under highly controlled
environmental conditions. Urine samples were collected over set 2–8h intervals and analysed by 1
H
NMR spectroscopy. Significant changes were observed with respect to both time of day and sleep
deprivation. Of 32 identified metabolites, 7 (22%) exhibited cosine rhythmicity over at least one
24h period; 5 exhibiting a cosine rhythm on both days. Eight metabolites significantly increased
during sleep deprivation compared with sleep (taurine, formate, citrate, 3-indoxyl sulfate, carnitine,
3-hydroxyisobutyrate, TMAO and acetate) and 8 significantly decreased (dimethylamine, 4-DTA,
creatinine, ascorbate, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, allantoin, 4-DEA, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate). These data
indicate that sampling time, the presence or absence of sleep and the response to sleep deprivation
are highly relevant when identifying biomarkers in urinary metabolic profiling studies.
clinical and epidemiological studies. Additionally, the association between sleep deprivation and
metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity requires investigation into the links between sleep
and metabolism. Here, we characterise time-of-day variation and the effects of sleep deprivation
on urinary metabolite profiles. Healthy male participants (n=15) completed an in-laboratory study
comprising one 24h sleep/wake cycle prior to 24h of continual wakefulness under highly controlled
environmental conditions. Urine samples were collected over set 2–8h intervals and analysed by 1
H
NMR spectroscopy. Significant changes were observed with respect to both time of day and sleep
deprivation. Of 32 identified metabolites, 7 (22%) exhibited cosine rhythmicity over at least one
24h period; 5 exhibiting a cosine rhythm on both days. Eight metabolites significantly increased
during sleep deprivation compared with sleep (taurine, formate, citrate, 3-indoxyl sulfate, carnitine,
3-hydroxyisobutyrate, TMAO and acetate) and 8 significantly decreased (dimethylamine, 4-DTA,
creatinine, ascorbate, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, allantoin, 4-DEA, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate). These data
indicate that sampling time, the presence or absence of sleep and the response to sleep deprivation
are highly relevant when identifying biomarkers in urinary metabolic profiling studies.
Date Issued
2015-10-09
Date Acceptance
2015-09-03
Citation
Scientific Reports, 2015, 5
ISSN
2045-2322
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Journal / Book Title
Scientific Reports
Volume
5
Copyright Statement
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The
images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons
license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the
Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce
the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons
license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the
Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce
the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
License URL
Subjects
Science & Technology
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Science & Technology - Other Topics
P-CRESYL SULFATE
INDOXYL SULFATE
SPECTROSCOPY
IDENTIFICATION
TAURINE
DEPRESSION
PREGNANCY
PROFILES
PLASMA
OXIDE
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
14843