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  5. Analysis of a specialist service for non-pregnant women with female genital mutilation: 2008–2019
 
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Analysis of a specialist service for non-pregnant women with female genital mutilation: 2008–2019
File(s)
JA FGM 11 years paper v15.docx (655.26 KB)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Albert, Juliet
Wells, Mary
Evans, Catrin
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Background
Female genital mutilation affects an estimated 200 million women and girls worldwide. This article examines a midwife-led service that integrates health advocates and counsellors into a model of holistic woman-centred care and was the blueprint for new national clinics opened in 2019.

Methods
This retrospective case note review examined referral patterns, clinical findings and interventions over 11 years at a UK specialist clinic for non-pregnant women with female genital mutilation.

Results
More than 2000 consultations were conducted. Two thirds of women had type 3 mutilation. Most were Somali (73.4%) with 18 other ethnic backgrounds represented. Women presented with dysuria, dyspareunia/apareunia, dysmenorrhea, recurrent infections, post-traumatic stress disorder, nightmares, flashbacks and psychosexual issues. Interventions included deinfibulation under local anaesthetic (many as same day walk-in cases), clinical reports for asylum applications and trauma counselling. One in 10 attendees were healthcare professionals/carers. Nearly 5% were refugees/asylum seekers. There were 12 safeguarding referrals, three cases of mandatory reporting duty and two protection orders. Intersectional violence was frequently reported among women of West African origin.

Conclusions
Significant numbers of non-pregnant women require specialist help. Innovative means to publicise clinics and routine enquiry during gynaecological consultations and GP registration, could ensure earlier signposting to services. Deinfibulation can be safely performed by an expert midwife in a community or outpatient setting.
Date Issued
2023-11-02
Date Acceptance
2023-09-04
Citation
British Journal of Midwifery, 2023, 31 (11), pp.610-621
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/106471
URL
https://www.britishjournalofmidwifery.com/content/research/analysis-of-a-specialist-service-for-non-pregnant-women-with-female-genital-mutilation-2008-2019/
DOI
https://www.dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2023.31.11.610
ISSN
0969-4900
Publisher
MA Healthcare
Start Page
610
End Page
621
Journal / Book Title
British Journal of Midwifery
Volume
31
Issue
11
Copyright Statement
This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in British Journal of Midwifery, copyright © MA Healthcare, after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2023.31.11.610
Identifier
https://www.britishjournalofmidwifery.com/content/research/analysis-of-a-specialist-service-for-non-pregnant-women-with-female-genital-mutilation-2008-2019/
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2023-11-02
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