Applying metabolic profiling strategies to investigate dietary impact and interindividual variability in response to diet
File(s)
Author(s)
Wu, Yiwei
Type
Thesis
Abstract
This thesis contributes to the field of precision nutrition by employing accurate dietary assessment methods and metabolic profiling strategies to investigate dietary impact and interindividual dietary variability. Emphasis is placed on unravelling the direct impacts of diets on metabolic health, exploring the complexities and variabilities of individual dietary responses, and understanding the physiological impact of this variability.
The first investigation involved an inpatient clinical trial, examined the effects of complete adherence to dietary interventions over a 72-hour period in individuals at risk of cardiovascular disease and in healthy individuals. Significant changes were found in short chain fatty acids, cohort-specific alterations in lipids and lipoproteins, and markers of inflammation.
The second investigation characterised and quantified individual dietary response using the dietary metabotype score (DMS) and the mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT). Key findings demonstrated that despite participants consumed the same meal for 72 hours, substantial interindividual variability was reflected by differences in the global urinary metabolite profile using DMS. The MMTT further revealed large individual differences in serum postprandial glycaemic, lipidemic, and inflammatory response.
The third investigation explored interindividual variability in weight loss among insulin treated obese type 2 diabetic patients in an outpatient setting, who underwent a three-phase low-energy diet (LED) replacement programme. Profound variability in weight loss was observed, with cardioprotective benefits manifested predominantly in participants who achieved greater weight loss through the LED programme, characterised by positive changes in a wide range of lipid parameters within various lipoprotein subclasses.
This thesis has generated new insights into the accurate mechanistic impact of diet and has improved the understanding of individual dietary variability and its implications, reinforcing the growing evidence supporting precision nutrition.
The first investigation involved an inpatient clinical trial, examined the effects of complete adherence to dietary interventions over a 72-hour period in individuals at risk of cardiovascular disease and in healthy individuals. Significant changes were found in short chain fatty acids, cohort-specific alterations in lipids and lipoproteins, and markers of inflammation.
The second investigation characterised and quantified individual dietary response using the dietary metabotype score (DMS) and the mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT). Key findings demonstrated that despite participants consumed the same meal for 72 hours, substantial interindividual variability was reflected by differences in the global urinary metabolite profile using DMS. The MMTT further revealed large individual differences in serum postprandial glycaemic, lipidemic, and inflammatory response.
The third investigation explored interindividual variability in weight loss among insulin treated obese type 2 diabetic patients in an outpatient setting, who underwent a three-phase low-energy diet (LED) replacement programme. Profound variability in weight loss was observed, with cardioprotective benefits manifested predominantly in participants who achieved greater weight loss through the LED programme, characterised by positive changes in a wide range of lipid parameters within various lipoprotein subclasses.
This thesis has generated new insights into the accurate mechanistic impact of diet and has improved the understanding of individual dietary variability and its implications, reinforcing the growing evidence supporting precision nutrition.
Version
Open Access
Date Issued
2024-01-01
Date Awarded
2024-04-01
Copyright Statement
Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial NoDerivatives Licence
Advisor
Frost, Gary
Garcia Perez, Isabel
Publisher Department
Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction
Publisher Institution
Imperial College London
Qualification Level
Doctoral
Qualification Name
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)