Disinfection by-product formation from the chlorination and chloramination of
amines
amines
File(s)
Author(s)
Bond, T
Kamal, NHM
Bonnisseau, T
Templeton, MR
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
This study investigated the relative effect of chlorination and chloramination on DBP formation from seven model amine precursor compounds, representative of those commonly found in natural waters, at pH 6, 7 and 8. The quantified DBPs included chloroform, dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN) and chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane). The aggregate formation (i.e. the mass sum of the formation from the individual precursors) of chloroform, DCAN and TCAN from all precursors was reduced by respectively 75–87%, 66–90% and 89–93% when considering pre-formed monochloramine compared to chlorine. The formation of both haloacetonitriles decreased with increasing pH following chlorination, but formation after chloramination was relatively insensitive to pH change. The highest formation of chloropicrin was from chloramination at pH 7. These results indicate that, while chloramination is effective at reducing the concentrations of trihalomethanes and haloacetonitriles in drinking water compared with chlorination, the opposite is true for the halonitromethanes.
Date Issued
2014-06-07
Date Acceptance
2014-05-31
Citation
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2014, 278, pp.288-296
ISSN
1873-3336
Publisher
Elsevier
Start Page
288
End Page
296
Journal / Book Title
Journal of Hazardous Materials
Volume
278
Copyright Statement
© 2014, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Subjects
Science & Technology
Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Engineering, Environmental
Engineering, Civil
Environmental Sciences
Engineering
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
ENGINEERING, CIVIL
ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Chloropicrin
Dichloroacetonitrile
Trichloroacetonitrile
Trihalomethane
Amino acid
NITROGENOUS ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS
DRINKING-WATER
NATURAL-WATERS
N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE
CHLOROPICRIN FORMATION
MATTER SURROGATES
ACIDS
CHLOROFORM
TRICHLORONITROMETHANE
PRECURSORS
Acetone
Acetonitriles
Amines
Chloramines
Chlorine
Chloroform
Disinfection
Halogenation
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Water Purification
Strategic, Defence & Security Studies
09 Engineering
Publication Status
Published