The potential for a protective vaccine for rhinovirus infections.
File(s)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Williams, GR
Kubajewska, I
Glanville, NS
Johnston, SL
Mclean, GR
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) infections impose a major disease burden as they cause around three out of
four common colds and are responsible for the majority of acute exacerbations of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma [1, 2]. RVs therefore are associated with
an enormous economic cost in missed work or school and medical attention. Prophylactic
vaccination against infection is arguably the most effective medical intervention ever
developed, and has proven enormously effective in protecting against a large number of
diseases. However, at the present time no effective vaccine exists for RVs. This is largely
due to the existence of 100 serotyped antigenically distinct RV strains - such variability
means that a vaccine designed to elicit immune responses against a particular RV is unlikely
to be able to provide protection against the full range of virus subtypes successfully [3]. In
fact, this phenomenon was observed as early as 1965 when immunising with formalin
inactivated whole RV and is confirmed by the knowledge that the immunity induced following
RV infection does not significantly protect from future infection by different RV serotypes [4].
More sophisticated attempts at immunisation with multiple inactivated RV serotypes also
failed to induce significant cross-serotype protection [5]. Thus, an effective cross-serotype
responsive RV vaccine has remained elusive. The relatively recent description of a new
clade of RV types (RV-C) has increased the number of identified strains/serotypes to ~160
[6]. Perhaps the quest for a RV vaccine has been dismissed as too difficult or even
impossible, but new developments suggest that it may be feasible to generate a significant
breadth of immune protection.
four common colds and are responsible for the majority of acute exacerbations of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma [1, 2]. RVs therefore are associated with
an enormous economic cost in missed work or school and medical attention. Prophylactic
vaccination against infection is arguably the most effective medical intervention ever
developed, and has proven enormously effective in protecting against a large number of
diseases. However, at the present time no effective vaccine exists for RVs. This is largely
due to the existence of 100 serotyped antigenically distinct RV strains - such variability
means that a vaccine designed to elicit immune responses against a particular RV is unlikely
to be able to provide protection against the full range of virus subtypes successfully [3]. In
fact, this phenomenon was observed as early as 1965 when immunising with formalin
inactivated whole RV and is confirmed by the knowledge that the immunity induced following
RV infection does not significantly protect from future infection by different RV serotypes [4].
More sophisticated attempts at immunisation with multiple inactivated RV serotypes also
failed to induce significant cross-serotype protection [5]. Thus, an effective cross-serotype
responsive RV vaccine has remained elusive. The relatively recent description of a new
clade of RV types (RV-C) has increased the number of identified strains/serotypes to ~160
[6]. Perhaps the quest for a RV vaccine has been dismissed as too difficult or even
impossible, but new developments suggest that it may be feasible to generate a significant
breadth of immune protection.
Date Issued
2016-01-14
Date Acceptance
2016-01-12
Citation
Expert Review of Vaccines, 2016, 15 (5), pp.569-571
ISSN
1744-8395
Publisher
Taylor & Francis
Start Page
569
End Page
571
Journal / Book Title
Expert Review of Vaccines
Volume
15
Issue
5
Copyright Statement
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis Group in Expert Review of Vaccines on 14 Jan 2016, available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1586/14760584.2016.1142375
Sponsor
Asthma UK
Asthma UK
Medical Research Council (MRC)
Grant Number
CH11SJ
CH11SJ
G1000758
Subjects
Th1 immunity
adjuvant
cross-serotype
rhinovirus
subunit vaccine
Publication Status
Published