Solid Phase Micro Extraction: Potential for Organic Contamination Control for Planetary Protection of Life-Detection Missions to the Icy Moons of the Outer Solar System
File(s)Royle et al._SPME.pdf (1.34 MB)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Royle, Samuel
Watson, Jonathon
Zhang, Yuting
Chatzitheoklitos, Georgios
Sephton, Mark
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Conclusively detecting, or ruling out the possibility of, life on the icy moons of the outer solar system will require spacecraft missions to undergo rigorous planetary protection and contamination control procedures to achieve extremely low levels of organic terrestrial contamination. Contamination control is necessary to avoid forward contamination of the body of interest and to avoid the detection of false positive signals which could either mask indigenous organic chemistry of interest or cause an astrobiological false alarm. Here we test a new method for rapidly and inexpensively assessing the organic cleanliness of spaceflight hardware surfaces using solid phase micro extraction (SPME) fibres to directly swab surfaces. The results suggest that the method is both time and cost efficient. The SPME-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method is sensitive to common mid-weight, non-polar contaminant compounds, e.g. aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, which are common contaminants in laboratory settings. While we demonstrate the potential of SPME for surface sampling, the GC-MS instrumentation restricts the SPME-GC-MS technique’s sensitivity to larger polar and non-volatile compounds. Although not used in this study, to increase the potential range of detectable compounds, SPME can also be used in conjunction with high performance liquid chromatography/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry systems suitable for polar analytes [Kataoka et al., 2000]. Thus, our SPME method presents an opportunity to monitor organic contamination in a relatively rapid and routine way that produces information-rich data sets.
Date Issued
2019-08-22
Date Acceptance
2019-04-17
Citation
Astrobiology, 2019, 19 (9), pp.1153-1166
ISSN
1531-1074
Publisher
Mary Ann Liebert
Start Page
1153
End Page
1166
Journal / Book Title
Astrobiology
Volume
19
Issue
9
Copyright Statement
Copyright 2019, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. Final publication is available from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2018.1968 .
Subjects
Science & Technology
Physical Sciences
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Biology
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
Geology
SPME
Planetary protection
Organic contamination
Life detection
Icy moons
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS
AMINO-ACIDS
FATTY-ACID
SAMPLES
ENCELADUS
MICROEXTRACTION
HABITABILITY
BIOMARKERS
SPACECRAFT
EUROPA
Icy moons.
Life detection
Organic contamination
Planetary protection
SPME
Astronomy & Astrophysics
0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences
0402 Geochemistry
0403 Geology
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2019-06-19