Inactivation of particle-associated viral surrogates by ultraviolet light
File(s)
Author(s)
Templeton, MR
Andrews, RC
Hofmann, R
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
This study investigated whether colloid-sized particles can enmesh and protect viruses from 254-nm ultraviolet (UV) light and sought to determine the particle characteristics (e.g. size, chemical composition) that are most relevant in causing a protective effect. Two viral surrogates (MS2 coliphage and bacteriophage T4), three types of particles (kaolin clay, humic acid powder, and activated sludge), two coagulants (alum and ferric chloride), two filtration conditions (none and 0.45 μm), and two UV doses (40 and 80 mJ/cm2 for MS2 coliphage; 2 and 7 mJ/cm2 for bacteriophage T4) were considered in a series of bench-scale UV collimated beam experiments. Transmission electron microscopy was used to qualitatively confirm the phage particle-association after coagulation. Humic acid and activated sludge floc particles shielded both viral surrogates to a statistically significant degree (with >99% confidence) relative to particle-free control conditions, while the kaolin clay particles provided no significant protection. The results of the study suggest that particles <2 μm in diameter are large enough to protect viruses from UV light and that particulate chemical composition (e.g. UV-absorbing organic content) may be a critical factor in the survival of particle-associated viruses during UV disinfection.
Date Issued
2005-08-02
Date Acceptance
2005-06-16
Citation
Water Research, 2005, 39 (15), pp.3487-3500
ISSN
0043-1354
Publisher
Elsevier
Start Page
3487
End Page
3500
Journal / Book Title
Water Research
Volume
39
Issue
15
Copyright Statement
© 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Subjects
Science & Technology
Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Physical Sciences
Engineering, Environmental
Environmental Sciences
Water Resources
Engineering
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
WATER RESOURCES
ultraviolet (UV) disinfection
waterborne viruses
particle-association
UV DISINFECTION
WASTE-WATER
SECONDARY EFFLUENTS
DRINKING-WATER
CLAY-MINERALS
MS2 COLIPHAGE
VIRUSES
ADSORPTION
INDICATORS
POLIOVIRUS
Alum Compounds
Bacteriophage T4
Chlorides
Colloids
Disinfection
Ferric Compounds
Flocculation
Humic Substances
Kaolin
Levivirus
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
Particle Size
Sewage
Ultraviolet Rays
Water Microbiology
Water Purification
Environmental Engineering
MD Multidisciplinary
Publication Status
Published