Functional magnetic resonance imaging has become a powerful tool to investigate the neuroendocrinology of appetite. In a recent study, we demonstrated that the brain activation pattern seen following the infusion of the anorectic gut hormones PYY3-36and GLP-17-36 amideto fasted individuals resembles the brain activation pattern seen in the physiological satiated state. This commentary discusses the significance of these findings and compares them with other landmark studies in the field, with specific reference to the brain areas involved in appetite regulation. We highlight the importance of this type of research in order to pave the way for the development of efficacious and safe anti-obesity therapies.