Spatial positioning token (SPToken) for smart mobility
File(s)revision_SPtoken_2020-06-16_12-00.pdf (1.61 MB)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
We introduce a permissioned distributed ledger technology (DLT) design for crowdsourced smart mobility applications. This architecture is based on a directed acyclic graph architecture (similar to the IOTA tangle) and uses both Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Position mechanisms to provide protection against spam attacks and malevolent actors. In addition to enabling individuals to retain ownership of their data and to monetize it, the architecture is also suitable for distributed privacy-preserving machine learning algorithms, is lightweight, and can be implemented in simple internet-of-things (IoT) devices. To demonstrate its efficacy, we apply this framework to reinforcement learning settings where a third party is interested in acquiring information from agents. In particular, one may be interested in sampling an unknown vehicular traffic flow in a city, using a DLT-type architecture and without perturbing the density, with the idea of realizing a set of virtual tokens as surrogates of real vehicles to explore geographical areas of interest. These tokens, whose authenticated position determines write access to the ledger, are thus used to emulate the probing actions of commanded (real) vehicles on a given planned route by ``jumping'' from a passing-by vehicle to another to complete the planned trajectory. Consequently, the environment stays unaffected (i.e., the autonomy of participating vehicles is not influenced by the algorithm), regardless of the number of emitted tokens. The design of such a DLT architecture is presented, and numerical results from large-scale simulations are provided to validate the proposed approach.
Date Issued
2022-02-01
Date Acceptance
2020-09-08
Citation
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2022, 23 (2), pp.1529-1542
ISSN
1524-9050
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Start Page
1529
End Page
1542
Journal / Book Title
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
Volume
23
Issue
2
Copyright Statement
© 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
Subjects
Science & Technology
Technology
Engineering, Civil
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Transportation Science & Technology
Engineering
Transportation
Distributed ledger
Distributed databases
Computer architecture
Recommender systems
Reinforcement learning
Smart cities
Smart mobility
distributed ledger technology
reinforcement learning
multi-agent learning
data management
recommender systems
BLOCKCHAIN
SECURITY
ALGORITHMS
cs.CR
cs.CR
Logistics & Transportation
0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
0905 Civil Engineering
1507 Transportation and Freight Services
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2020-10-23