This chapter examines the potential role and benefits of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in meeting rising global energy demand as national and international policies aim to lower carbon emissions. The current policy rationale and context for seeking to increase LNG production are analysed. Challenges to expanded implementation of LNG technologies are identified, including the environmental impacts of the full supply chain and producer-to-user lifecycle and how recent innovations may address risk. The global energy landscape of supply and demand is changing for several reasons: developing countries in Asia and Africa have growing economies and are increasing industrialization, leading to greater energy demand. Additionally, the rapid development of the technology of hydraulic fracturing has permitted extraction of previously unavailable sources of hydrocarbons, leading to increased global supply and potential to export excesses to new markets. Expanding infrastructure for the technology to liquify natural gas has meant that supplies can be transported long distances and traded as a global commodity by sea routes, without the limitations and disadvantages of gas pipelines or reliance on regional suppliers. This transportation revolution has meant that new commercial relationships can be initiated and competition on both buying and selling sides is likely to intensify. This chapter thus illustrates the opportunities for and potential obstacles to LNG development as an energy security solution for global markets through case studies of four producing and exporting countries: Algeria, Qatar, Mozambique and Australia.