Active targeted photodynamic therapeutic effect of silver-based nanohybrids on melanoma cancer cells
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Montaseri, Hanieh
Nkune, Nkune Williams
Abrahamse, Heidi
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is aggressive cancer that metastasizes along with the heterogeneity at the molecular and cellular levels, thereby reducing overall therapeutic efficacy. In the present research, the concept of photodynamic therapy (PDT) was investigated on silver-based nanohybrids for the treatment of A375 melanoma cancer cells. Hence, two different nanoparticles (NPs) namely Ag-PEG NPs and core/shell Ag@mSiO2 NPs were fabricated and conjugated to zinc phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (ZnPcS4) photosensitizer (PS). Folic acid (FA) as a targeting moiety was also decorated onto the surface of nanohybrids to selectively target the folate receptors that are overexpressed on the A375 cells. Ultimately, the PDT efficacy of both ZnPcS4/Ag-PEG-FA and ZnPcS4/Ag@mSiO2-FA nanohybrids were compared via ATP viability, flow cytometry, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays. The obtained near-spherical shaped nanohybrids had zeta potential of -4.03 ± 0.3 mV for ZnPcS4/Ag-PEG-FA, and -14.4 ± 0.6 mV for the ZnPcS4/Ag@mSiO2-FA. A significant PDT effect was observed for the cells exposed to 674 nm laser irradiation after incubation with ZnPcS4/Ag@mSiO2-FA with ∼92%* ± 1.1 cell death compared to ∼70%* ± 2.9 cell death for ZnPcS4/Ag-PEG-FA nanohybrids owing to the higher generation of ROS for the former nanohybrids. The majority of the cell death was induced via apoptosis rather than necrosis as the nanohybrids successfully localized in mitochondria. The overall finding of this study concluded that an active targeting strategy significantly enhanced the cellular uptake of the nanohybrids compared to passive targeting. Moreover, strong surface plasmon-PS resonance coupling in ZnPcS4/Ag@mSiO2-FA nanohybrids enhanced singlet oxygen generation in comparison to the PS alone or ZnPcS4/Ag-PEG-FA nanohybrids.
Date Issued
2022-09
Date Acceptance
2022-07-12
Citation
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2022, 11, pp.1-11
ISSN
2666-4690
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Start Page
1
End Page
11
Journal / Book Title
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology
Volume
11
Copyright Statement
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Identifier
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266646902200029X?via%3Dihub
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
100136
Date Publish Online
2022-07-18