Effect of accommodation on the heat conduction through nitrogen, argon, helium and deuterium between 0° C. and -183° C. from the aspect of (1) the temperature drop relation; (2) the heat conduction through gases at low pressures
File(s)
Author(s)
Chu, Yin-Sien
Type
Thesis
Abstract
The present paper deals with a modification of the experimental procedure which has been developed at the Imperial College in relation to observations of the Heat Transport through Gases and the related effect of accommodation.
A compensating system of wires and tubes was employed in conjunction with suitable thermostatic arrangements which enable the Heat Transport to be investigated in the neighbourhood of,
(1) The temperature of Melting Ice.
(2) The temperature of solid C.O in spirit
(3) The temperature of Liquid Oxygen
The Gases tested were Nitrogen, Helium, Argon, and Deuterium, and the experiments were carried out over a range of pressures between 15 and 0.5 ems Hg on the one hand and between ,003cms Hg and .0008 eras Hg on the other.
In this way a direct test of the Fourier Equation modified in respect of Temperature Drop was found possible, and at the same time Law of Heat Transport operating for strongly rarefied gases, could be also examined with the same apparatus.
Calculations of the coefficient of accommodation have been carried out from both aspects, and in this manner the validity of Knudsen's definitions, both in regard to Temperature Drop and Accommodation have been tested.
The principle of Compensation associated with the Hot Wire system has been theoretically examined in the important case of the Heat Transfer at low pressure.
The accuracy of the formulae relevant to calculations of the average collision paths used in conjunction with the Temperature Drop theory have been fully considered, and the corrections for the effect of Thermal Transpiration in relation to the pressures measured by the Mc-Leod gauges have been discussed in detail.
The effect of temperature on the Thermal conductivity of the gases under test was found to be satisfied in all cases by a relation of the form,
n*
K/K0 = (T/Ç)
where the value of n has been found to vary with the nature of the gas. Values of the temperature coefficient of Thermal conductivity, corresponding to the various bath temperatures are given along with the magnitude of the factor f associated with the formula,
K
f*l Cv
A compensating system of wires and tubes was employed in conjunction with suitable thermostatic arrangements which enable the Heat Transport to be investigated in the neighbourhood of,
(1) The temperature of Melting Ice.
(2) The temperature of solid C.O in spirit
(3) The temperature of Liquid Oxygen
The Gases tested were Nitrogen, Helium, Argon, and Deuterium, and the experiments were carried out over a range of pressures between 15 and 0.5 ems Hg on the one hand and between ,003cms Hg and .0008 eras Hg on the other.
In this way a direct test of the Fourier Equation modified in respect of Temperature Drop was found possible, and at the same time Law of Heat Transport operating for strongly rarefied gases, could be also examined with the same apparatus.
Calculations of the coefficient of accommodation have been carried out from both aspects, and in this manner the validity of Knudsen's definitions, both in regard to Temperature Drop and Accommodation have been tested.
The principle of Compensation associated with the Hot Wire system has been theoretically examined in the important case of the Heat Transfer at low pressure.
The accuracy of the formulae relevant to calculations of the average collision paths used in conjunction with the Temperature Drop theory have been fully considered, and the corrections for the effect of Thermal Transpiration in relation to the pressures measured by the Mc-Leod gauges have been discussed in detail.
The effect of temperature on the Thermal conductivity of the gases under test was found to be satisfied in all cases by a relation of the form,
n*
K/K0 = (T/Ç)
where the value of n has been found to vary with the nature of the gas. Values of the temperature coefficient of Thermal conductivity, corresponding to the various bath temperatures are given along with the magnitude of the factor f associated with the formula,
K
f*l Cv
Version
Open Access
Date Awarded
1939
Copyright Statement
Attribution NoDerivatives 4.0 International Licence (CC BY-ND)
Publisher Department
Department of Physics
Publisher Institution
Imperial College London
Qualification Level
Doctoral
Qualification Name
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)