Choice of function spaces for thermodynamic variables in mixed finite-element methods
File(s)
Author(s)
Melvin, Thomas
Benacchio, Tommaso
Thuburn, John
Cotter, Colin
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
We study the dispersion properties of three choices for the buoyancy space in a mixed finite‐element discretization of geophysical fluid flow equations. The problem is analogous to that of the staggering of the buoyancy variable in finite‐difference discretizations. Discrete dispersion relations of the two‐dimensional linear gravity wave equations are computed. By comparison with the analytical result, the best choice for the buoyancy space basis functions is found to be the horizontally discontinuous, vertically continuous option. This is also the space used for the vertical component of the velocity. At lowest polynomial order, this arrangement mirrors the Charney–Phillips vertical staggering known to have good dispersion properties in finite‐difference models. A fully discontinuous space for the buoyancy corresponding to the Lorenz finite‐difference staggering at lowest order gives zero phase velocity for high vertical wavenumber modes. A fully continuous space, the natural choice for scalar variables in a mixed finite‐element framework, with degrees of freedom of buoyancy and vertical velocity horizontally staggered at lowest order, is found to entail zero phase velocity modes at the large horizontal wavenumber end of the spectrum. Corroborating the theoretical insights, numerical results obtained on gravity wave propagation with fully continuous buoyancy highlight the presence of a computational mode in the poorly resolved part of the spectrum that fails to propagate horizontally. The spurious signal is not removed in test runs with higher‐order polynomial basis functions. Runs at higher order also highlight additional oscillations, an issue that is shown to be mitigated by partial mass‐lumping. In light of the findings and with a view to coupling the dynamical core to physical parametrizations that often force near the horizontal grid scale, the use of the fully continuous space should be avoided in favour of the horizontally discontinuous, vertically continuous space.
Date Issued
2018-04-01
Date Acceptance
2018-02-08
Citation
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2018, 144 (712), pp.900-916
ISSN
0035-9009
Publisher
Wiley
Start Page
900
End Page
916
Journal / Book Title
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
Volume
144
Issue
712
Copyright Statement
© 2018 The Authors. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the Royal Meteorological Society.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Sponsor
Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC)
Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
Identifier
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000443007800020&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
Grant Number
NE/K006789/1
EP/L000407/1
NE/M013634/1
IMPERIAL - H5159503
Subjects
Science & Technology
Physical Sciences
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
dispersion relation
gravity waves
mass lumping
mixed finite element spaces
nonhydrostatic dynamics
PHILLIPS VERTICAL DISCRETISATIONS
NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION
ATMOSPHERIC MODELS
DYNAMICAL CORE
DISCRETIZATION
EQUATIONS
SCHEME
LORENZ
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2018-02-23