New insights into the reaction capabilities of ionic organic bases in cu-catalysed amination
File(s)Organic Base Manuscript EurJOC Template v1.7.pdf (764.72 KB)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Lo, Quintin
Sale, David
Braddock, David
Davies, Robert
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
The application of ionic organic bases in the copper‐catalyzed amination reaction (Ullmann reaction) has been studied at room temperature, with sub‐mol‐% catalyst loadings, and with more challenging amines at elevated temperatures. The cation present in the base has been shown to have little effect on the reaction at standard catalyst and ancillary ligand loadings, whereas the choice of anion is crucial for good reactivity. A substrate scope carried out at room temperature with the best performing bases, TBAM and TBPM, showed both bases to be highly effective under these mild reaction conditions. Moreover, under sub‐mol % catalyst loadings and room temperature conditions, TBPM gave good to excellent yields for a number of different amines and functionalized aryl iodides (14 examples). However, reactions involving more challenging amines gave little or no yield. By using more forceful conditions (120 °C) moderate to excellent yields of cross‐coupled products containing more challenging amines was achievable using TBPM and to a lesser extent with TBAM. As part of this work a study on the stability of the organic bases at 120 °C was undertaken. TBAM is shown to decompose to give nBu3N and mono‐butylmalonate at higher temperatures, and this can be correlated to a decrease in performance in the coupling reaction. The phosphonium cations in TBPM did not undergo analogous reactivity but were shown instead to experience some degree of deprotonation at the α‐CH2 to generate phosphonium ylides. This however did not lead to a significantly degradation in the activity of the TBPM in the cross‐coupling reaction.
Date Issued
2019-03-07
Date Acceptance
2019-01-28
Citation
European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2019, 2019 (9), pp.1944-1951
ISSN
1099-0690
Publisher
Wiley
Start Page
1944
End Page
1951
Journal / Book Title
European Journal of Organic Chemistry
Volume
2019
Issue
9
Copyright Statement
© 2019 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. This is the accepted version of the following article, which has been published in final form at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ejoc.201900109
Subjects
0305 Organic Chemistry
0304 Medicinal And Biomolecular Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2019-02-13