Observing the Mpemba effect with minimal bias and the value of the Mpemba effect to scientific outreach and engagement
File(s)ObservingMpembaEffect_RSA_NoLike.pdf (695.25 KB)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Burridge, Henry
Hallstadius, Oscar
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
The Mpemba effect is the assertion that it is quicker to cool or freeze water when the initial temperature is high. We define the Mpemba effect to have been observed when two samples of water, one initially warmer than the other, are cooled and the initially hotter sample freezes or cools to a prescribed temperature in less time; this assumes that the samples are of the same mass, are at least as pure as drinking water, the cooling is delivered to both samples in the same manner and the same level of insulation is applied to both. Under this definition, we enable repeatable observations of the Mpemba effect by systematically introducing increased nucleation sites (in our case by roughening the container walls with sandpaper) within the cooling environment of the initially warmer sample. We remain able to observe the Mpemba effect when the enthalpy of cooling and freezing the initially warmer sample exceeds that of the initially cooler sample by over 50%, corresponding to a difference in the initial temperatures of around 50 °C. The context of this study, initiated by a high-school student who then carried out all of the experiments, highlights the value of the Mpemba effect as a tool for scientific learning and engagement.
Date Issued
2020-09-30
Date Acceptance
2020-08-04
Citation
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2020, 476 (2241)
ISSN
1364-5021
Publisher
The Royal Society
Journal / Book Title
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
Volume
476
Issue
2241
Copyright Statement
© 2020 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.
Subjects
01 Mathematical Sciences
02 Physical Sciences
09 Engineering
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2020-09-02