The structural fire response of hot-rolled steel square and rectangular hollow sections (SHS and RHS) under combined compression and bending is investigated in this study through finite element (FE) modelling. The developed FE models were firstly validated against available test results on hot-rolled steel SHS/RHS subjected to combined compression and bending at elevated temperatures. Upon validation, an extensive parametric study was then carried out to examine the resistance of hot-rolled steel SHS/RHS under combined loading at elevated temperatures, covering a wide range of cross-section slendernesses, cross-section aspect ratios, combinations of loading and temperatures up to 800 °C. The numerical data, together with the experimental results, were compared with the strength predictions according to the current structural fire design rules in the European Standard EN 1993-1-2 (2002) and American Specification AISC 360–16 (2016) for hot-rolled steel SHS/RHS under combined loading. The comparisons generally indicated significant disparities in the prediction of resistance of hot-rolled steel SHS/RHS under combined loading at elevated temperatures, owing principally to inaccurate predictions of the end points of the design interaction curves. The deformation-based continuous strength method (CSM) has been shown to provide accurate strength predictions for these end points i.e. the resistances of hot-rolled steel SHS/RHS stub columns and beams at elevated temperatures. In this study, proposals are presented to extend the scope of the CSM to the structural fire design of hot-rolled steel SHS/RHS under combined compression and bending. The CSM proposals are shown to offer improved accuracy and reliability over current design methods and are therefore recommended for incorporation into future revisions of international structural fire design codes.