The ultra-processed food content of school meals and packed lunches in the United Kingdom
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Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
British children have the highest levels of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption in Europe. Schools are posited as a positive setting for impacting dietary intake but the level of UPFs consumed at schools is currently unknown. This study determined the UPF content of school food in the UK. We conducted a pooled cross-sectional analysis of primary (4-11 years, n=1,895) and secondary schoolchildren (11-18 years, n=1,408) from the UK’s National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008-2017). Multivariable quantile regression models determined the association between meal-type (school meal or packed lunch) and lunchtime UPF intake (NOVA food classification system). We showed that on average UPF intake was high in both primary (72.6% total lunch Kcal) and secondary schoolchildren (77.8 % total lunch Kcal). Higher UPF intakes were observed in packed lunch consumers, secondary schoolchildren, and those in lower income households. This study highlights the need for a renewed focus on school food. Better guidance and policies which consider levels of industrial processing in food served in schools is needed to ensure the dual benefit of encouraging school meal uptake and equitably improving children’s diet.
Date Issued
2022-07-20
Date Acceptance
2022-06-27
Citation
Nutrients, 2022, 14 (14), pp.1-14
ISSN
2072-6643
Publisher
MDPI AG
Start Page
1
End Page
14
Journal / Book Title
Nutrients
Volume
14
Issue
14
Copyright Statement
© 2022 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
License URL
Sponsor
NIHR
National Institute for Health Research
Identifier
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/14/2961
Grant Number
PD-SPH-2015-10055
Subjects
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Nutrition & Dietetics
ultra-processed food
school lunch
child and adolescent nutrition
CONSUMPTION
CHILDREN
ADOLESCENTS
QUALITY
OBESITY
ENERGY
child and adolescent nutrition
school lunch
ultra-processed food
0908 Food Sciences
1111 Nutrition and Dietetics
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2022-07-20