Introduction
Disasters have many forms, including those related to natural hazards and armed conflict. Human-induced
global change, such as climate change, may alter hazard parameters of these disasters. These alterations can
have serious consequences for vulnerable populations, which often experience post-disaster infectious
disease outbreaks, leading to morbidity and mortality. The risks and drivers for these outbreaks and their
ability to form cascades, are somewhat contested. Despite evidence for post-disaster outbreaks, reviews
quantifying them have been on short time scales, specific geographic areas or specific hazards. This review
aims to fill this gap and gain a greater understanding of the risk factors involved in these contextual
outbreaks on a global level.
Methods and analysis
Using the PRISMA-P 2015 checklist and Khan’s methodological framework, a systematic search strategy
will be created and carried out in August 2020. The strategy will search MEDLINE, Embase and
GlobalHealth electronic databases and reference lists of selected literature will also be screened. Eligible
studies will include any retrospective cross-sectional, case-control or cohort studies investigating an
infectious disease outbreak in a local disaster affected population. Studies will not be excluded based on
geographic area or publication date. Excluded papers will include non-English studies, reviews, single case
studies and research discussing general risk factors, international refugee camps, public health, mental health
and other non-communicable diseases, pathogen genetics or economics. Following selection, data will be
extracted into a data charting form, that will be reviewed by other members of the team. The data will then
be analysed both numerically and narratively.
Ethics and dissemination
Only secondary data will be used and there will be no public or patient involvement; therefore, no ethical
approval is needed. Our findings will aim to be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal. The authors
intend to use the results to inform future mathematical modelling studies.
Strengths and limitations of this study - The lack of temporal or geographic limits is a major strength of this study, as it allows the authors and
readers to gain a global understanding.
- Studies identified will be subject to a quality appraisal and only certain publication methods will be
selected, making the studies more comparable.
- A limitation of this study is excluding papers without an abstract or full-text in English, as this creates a
language bias.
- This review will not create a complete list of disaster-related disease outbreaks as it will only search peer reviewed literature, which may have a publication bias.