Development of a new biaxial testing system for generating forming limit diagrams for sheet metals under hot stamping conditions
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Accepted version
Published version
Author(s)
Shao, Z
Li, N
Lin, J
Dean, TA
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Conventional experimental approaches used to generate forming limit diagrams (FLDs) for sheet metals at different linear strain paths are not applicable to hot stamping and cold die quenching processes because cooling occurs prior to deformation and consistent values of heating rate, cooling rate, deformation temperature and strain rate are not easy to obtain. A novel biaxial testing system for use in a Gleeble testing machine has been adopted to generate forming limits of sheet metals, including aluminium alloys, magnesium alloys and boron steel, under practical hot stamping conditions in which heating and cooling occur. For example, the soaking temperature is about 900 °C and the deformation temperature range is 550–850 °C for boron steel [1] and the soaking temperature is about 535 °C and the deformation temperature range is 370–510 °C for AA6082 [2]. Resistance heating and air cooling were introduced in this pioneering system and the thermal analysis of different heating and cooling strategies was investigated based on a type of cruciform specimen. FE models with a UAMP subroutine were used to predict temperature fields on a specimen in ABAQUS 6.12. Digital image correlation (DIC) system was used to record strain fields of a specimen by capturing images throughout the deformation history and its post-processing software ARAMIS was used to determine forming limits according to ISO standards embedded in the software. Heating and cooling strategies were determined after the analysis. Preliminary results of forming limit curves at the designated temperatures are presented in order to verify the feasibility of this new method.
Date Issued
2016-11-01
Date Acceptance
2016-05-31
Citation
Experimental Mechanics, 2016, 56 (9), pp.1489-1500
ISSN
0014-4851
Publisher
Society for Experimental Mechanics (SEM)
Start Page
1489
End Page
1500
Journal / Book Title
Experimental Mechanics
Volume
56
Issue
9
Copyright Statement
© The Author(s) 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
License URL
Sponsor
Technology Strategy Board
Commission of the European Communities
Identifier
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11340-016-0183-9
Grant Number
BD498D
NMP3-SE-2013-604240
Subjects
Science & Technology
Technology
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mechanics
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Materials Science
Sheet metal forming
Hot stamping
Formability tests
Forming limit diagram (FLD)
Novel biaxial testing system
Thermal analysis
SOLUTION HEAT-TREATMENT
MAGNESIUM ALLOY
STRAIN-RATE
ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES
ALUMINUM-ALLOYS
FORMABILITY
DESIGN
STEEL
SPECIMENS
BEHAVIOR
Mechanical Engineering & Transports
0905 Civil Engineering
0913 Mechanical Engineering
0915 Interdisciplinary Engineering
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2016-06-15