Measuring the cosmological 21-cm dipole with 21-cm global experiments
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Published version
Author(s)
Ignatov, Yordan D
Pritchard, Jonathan
Wu, Yuqing
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
A measurement of the 21-cm global signal would be a revealing probe of the Dark Ages, the era of first star formation, and the Epoch of Reionization. It has remained elusive owing to bright galactic and extra-galactic foreground contaminants, coupled with instrumental noise, ionospheric effects, and beam chromaticity. The simultaneous detection of a consistent 21-cm dipole signal alongside the 21-cm global signal would provide confidence in a claimed detection. We use simulated data to investigate the possibility of using drift-scan dipole antenna experiments to achieve a detection of both monopole and dipole. We find that at least two antennae located at different latitudes are required to localize the dipole. In the absence of foregrounds, a total integration time of ∼104 h is required to detect the dipole. With contamination by simple foregrounds, we find that the integration time required increases to ∼105 h. We show that the extraction of the 21-cm dipole from more realistic foregrounds requires a more sophisticated foreground modelling approach. Finally, we motivate a global network of dipole antennae that could reasonably detect the dipole in ∼103 h of integration time.
Date Issued
2024-02-01
Date Acceptance
2023-12-15
Citation
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2024, 527 (4), pp.11206-11217
ISSN
0035-8711
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Start Page
11206
End Page
11217
Journal / Book Title
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume
527
Issue
4
Copyright Statement
© The Author(s) 2023.
Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited.
Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited.
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2023-12-21