Evasion of neutrophil extracellular traps by respiratory pathogens
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a major immune mechanism intended to capture pathogens. These histone- and protease-coated DNA structures are released by neutrophils in response to a variety of stimuli, including respiratory pathogens, and have been identified in the airways of patients with respiratory infection, cystic fibrosis, acute lung injury, primary graft dysfunction, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NET production has been demonstrated in the lungs of mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Since the discovery of NETs over a decade ago, evidence that “NET evasion” might act as an immune protection strategy among respiratory pathogens, including group A Streptococcus, Bordetella pertussis, and Haemophilus influenzae, has been growing, with the majority of these studies being published in the past 2 years. Evasion strategies fall into three main categories: inhibition of NET release by down-regulating host inflammatory responses; degradation of NETs using pathogen-derived DNases; and resistance to the microbicidal components of NETs, which involves a variety of mechanisms, including encapsulation. Hence, the evasion of NETs appears to be a widespread strategy to allow pathogen proliferation and dissemination, and is currently a topic of intense research interest. This article outlines the evidence supporting the three main strategies of NET evasion—inhibition, degradation, and resistance—with particular reference to common respiratory pathogens.
Date Issued
2017-04-01
Date Acceptance
2016-10-17
Citation
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 2017, 56 (4), pp.423-431
ISSN
1044-1549
Publisher
American Thoracic Society
Start Page
423
End Page
431
Journal / Book Title
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
Volume
56
Issue
4
Copyright Statement
© 2017 by the American Thoracic Society
Identifier
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000398809500006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
Subjects
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Respiratory System
neutrophil extracellular traps
immune evasion
deoxyribonuclease
Streptococcus
GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCUS
INNATE IMMUNE-RESPONSE
STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS
BACTERIAL
ESCAPE
DEGRADATION
ALLOWS
DNASE
SIGLEC-9
HOST
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2016-11-17