Refinement of a mouse cardiovascular model: development, application and dissemination
File(s)
Author(s)
Taylor, KA
Emerson, M
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
European and UK legislation requires all animal procedures to be conducted
with consideration to reduction, refinement and replacement. In this review,
3Rs developments are discussed in the field of platelet biology and
thromboembolism. Platelet research requires the use of animal models, and
mice are widely used in the field. When working
, conventional light
in vitro
transmission techniques have been scaled down allowing reduction in animal
numbers.
, vascular injury models are widely used and work is ongoing to
In vivo
develop
approaches that use fewer animals. Thromboembolic mortality
ex vivo
models, which inflict considerable pain and suffering, have also been used
widely. A published and characterised refinement of this mortality model allows
real-time monitoring of radiolabelled platelets under general anaesthesia and
reduces both the severity level and the numbers of mice used in a typical
experiment. This technique is more sensitive than the mortality approach and
has opened up new avenues of research, which would not have been feasible
by using death as an end-point. To drive uptake of real-time monitoring, a more
simplistic approach has been developed involving micro-sampling and cell
counting. Thromboembolic mortality models should therefore be considered
obsolete due to the emergence of 3Rs models with improved scientific
outcomes and that can be implemented relatively easily.
with consideration to reduction, refinement and replacement. In this review,
3Rs developments are discussed in the field of platelet biology and
thromboembolism. Platelet research requires the use of animal models, and
mice are widely used in the field. When working
, conventional light
in vitro
transmission techniques have been scaled down allowing reduction in animal
numbers.
, vascular injury models are widely used and work is ongoing to
In vivo
develop
approaches that use fewer animals. Thromboembolic mortality
ex vivo
models, which inflict considerable pain and suffering, have also been used
widely. A published and characterised refinement of this mortality model allows
real-time monitoring of radiolabelled platelets under general anaesthesia and
reduces both the severity level and the numbers of mice used in a typical
experiment. This technique is more sensitive than the mortality approach and
has opened up new avenues of research, which would not have been feasible
by using death as an end-point. To drive uptake of real-time monitoring, a more
simplistic approach has been developed involving micro-sampling and cell
counting. Thromboembolic mortality models should therefore be considered
obsolete due to the emergence of 3Rs models with improved scientific
outcomes and that can be implemented relatively easily.
Date Issued
2018-05-25
Date Acceptance
2018-04-13
Citation
F1000Research, 2018, 7
ISSN
2046-1402
Publisher
F1000 Research Ltd
Journal / Book Title
F1000Research
Volume
7
Copyright Statement
© 2018 Taylor KA and Emerson M. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Sponsor
NC3Rs (National Centre for the Replacement, Refine
NC3Rs (National Centre for the Replacement, Refine
NC3Rs (National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research)
Grant Number
G0600382/1
G0900732/1
NC/M000079/1
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
593
Date Publish Online
2018-05-15