Equivalent local force conditions minimizing the Frank free energy for topological defect equilibria in nematic liquid crystals
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Accepted version
Author(s)
Miyoshi, Hiroyuki
Crowdy, Darren
Miyazako, Hiroki
Nara, Takaaki
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Recently, Miyoshi et al. (Miyoshi et al. 2024 Proc. R. Soc. A 480, 20240405 (doi:10.1098/rspa.2024.0405)) derived analytical formulas for the Frank free energy associated with multiple topological defects in nematic liquid crystals confined to an arbitrary simply connected domain. The energy formulas, derived using an analogy with the so-called Kirchhoff–Routh path function in point vortex dynamics, required the evaluation of contour integrals involving analytical formulas associated with the crystal alignment field. Equilibria for topological defects were then obtained by finding local extrema of this Frank free energy. By contrast, in vortex dynamics, it is rare to find point vortex equilibria by minimizing the Kirchhoff–Routh path function that is a regularized kinetic energy; more commonly, a local ‘non-self-induction rule’ is used that is equivalent to each point vortex being free of net force. It is shown here that an analogous equivalent set of local force conditions can also be used to find equilibria for topological defects in nematic liquid crystals in confined domains, and without any need to evaluate the Frank free energy. This observation is significant theoretically and also because, at a technical level, the new local force conditions are easier to formulate and solve.
Date Issued
2025-02-01
Date Acceptance
2024-12-13
Citation
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2025, 481 (2308)
ISSN
1364-5021
Publisher
The Royal Society
Journal / Book Title
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
Volume
481
Issue
2308
Copyright Statement
Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. This is the author’s accepted manuscript made available under a CC-BY licence in accordance with Imperial’s Research Publications Open Access policy (www.imperial.ac.uk/oa-policy)
License URL
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
20240569
Date Publish Online
2025-02-19