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A review of airport security and resilience analysis: integration of risk modelling frameworks
File(s)
applsci-16-05406-v2 (1).pdf (1.54 MB)
Published version
Author(s)
Li, Lintong
Li, Yunhao
Ochieng, Washington Yotto
Proud, William Graham
Huang, Mingyang
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Airports, as Critical National Infrastructure (CNI), operate as tightly coupled socio-technical systems exposed to multifaceted threats, including cyber, physical, social, environmental, and Chemical, Biological and Radiological (CBR) threats. This study presents a structured review of the synthesis of conceptual frameworks, airport structural configurations, sensor networks, and multi-domain threat landscapes, as well as airport security and resilience analysis, while comparatively examining risk assessment approaches. The review shows that existing approaches are effective for threat identification and prioritisation but remain predominantly static, with limitations in scalability, data dependency, and real-time applicability. To address these limitations, Threat-Vulnerability-Risk Assessment (TVRA) is adopted as a structured, reusable approach to support metric allocation, redundancy design, and emergency capability development. It further serves as a bridge between traditional risk assessment and resilience-oriented system design by enabling the transformation of static risk scores into scenario-based inputs, thereby supporting stress-testing and lifecycle-based resilience planning across the prepare, act, and recover phases. However, its inherently static structure limits its ability to capture temporal dynamics and cascading interdependencies, highlighting the need to integrate it with dynamic modelling approaches.
Date Issued
2026-05-28
Date Acceptance
2026-05-25
Citation
Applied Sciences, 2026, 16 (11)
URI
URL
DOI
ISSN
2076-3417
Publisher
MDPI AG
Journal / Book Title
Applied Sciences
Volume
16
Issue
11
Copyright Statement
© 2026 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
License URL
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
5406
Date Publish Online
2026-05-28