Highly porous scaffolds of PEDOT:PSS for bone tissue engineering
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have been increasingly considered for the design of conductive materials in the field of regenerative medicine. However, optimal scaffold properties addressing the complexity of the desired tissue still need to be developed. The focus of this study lies in the development and evaluation of a conductive scaffold for bone tissue engineering. In this study PEDOT:PSS scaffolds were designed and evaluated in vitro using MC3T3-E1 osteogenic precursor cells, and the cells were assessed for distinct differentiation stages and the expression of an osteogenic phenotype.
Ice-templated PEDOT:PSS scaffolds presented high pore interconnectivity with a median pore diameter of 53.6 ± 5.9 µm and a total pore surface area of 7.72 ± 1.7 m2·g−1. The electrical conductivity, based on I-V curves, was measured to be 140 µS·cm−1 with a reduced, but stable conductivity of 6.1 µS·cm−1 after 28 days in cell culture media. MC3T3-E1 gene expression levels of ALPL, COL1A1 and RUNX2 were significantly enhanced after 4 weeks, in line with increased extracellular matrix mineralisation, and osteocalcin deposition. These results demonstrate that a porous material, based purely on PEDOT:PSS, is suitable as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering and thus represents a promising candidate for regenerative medicine.
Ice-templated PEDOT:PSS scaffolds presented high pore interconnectivity with a median pore diameter of 53.6 ± 5.9 µm and a total pore surface area of 7.72 ± 1.7 m2·g−1. The electrical conductivity, based on I-V curves, was measured to be 140 µS·cm−1 with a reduced, but stable conductivity of 6.1 µS·cm−1 after 28 days in cell culture media. MC3T3-E1 gene expression levels of ALPL, COL1A1 and RUNX2 were significantly enhanced after 4 weeks, in line with increased extracellular matrix mineralisation, and osteocalcin deposition. These results demonstrate that a porous material, based purely on PEDOT:PSS, is suitable as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering and thus represents a promising candidate for regenerative medicine.
Date Issued
2017-09-01
Date Acceptance
2017-08-29
Citation
Acta Biomaterialia, 2017, 62, pp.91-101
ISSN
1742-7061
Publisher
Elsevier
Start Page
91
End Page
101
Journal / Book Title
Acta Biomaterialia
Volume
62
Copyright Statement
© 2017 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
License URL
Sponsor
Medical Research Council (MRC)
Medical Research Council (MRC)
Grant Number
MR/L012677/1
MR/K026682/1
Subjects
Bone tissue engineering
Conductive scaffolds
PEDOT:PSS
Porosity
MD Multidisciplinary
Biomedical Engineering
Publication Status
Published