Clinical manifestations and modes of death among Ebola Virus disease patients, Monrovia, Liberia, 2014
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Although the high case fatality rate (CFR) associated with Ebola virus disease (EVD) is well documented, there are limited data on the actual modes of death. We conducted a retrospective, observational cohort study among patients with laboratory-confirmed EVD. The patients were all seen at the Eternal Love Winning Africa Ebola Treatment Unit in Monrovia, Liberia, from June to August 2014. Our primary objective was to describe the modes of death of our patients and to determine predictors of mortality. Data were available for 53 patients with laboratory-confirmed EVD, with a median age of 35 years. The most frequent presenting symptoms were weakness (91%), fever (81%), and diarrhea (78%). Visible hemorrhage was noted in 25% of the cases. The CFR was 79%. Odds of death were higher in patients with diarrhea (odds ratio = 26.1, P < 0.01). All patients with hemorrhagic signs died (P < 0.01). Among the 18 fatal cases for which clinical information was available, three distinct modes of death were observed: sudden death after a moderate disease process (44%), profuse hemorrhage (33%), and encephalopathy (22%). We found that these modes of death varied by age (P = 0.04), maximum temperature (P = 0.43), heart rate on admission (P = 0.04), time to death from symptom onset (P = 0.13), and duration of hospitalization (P = 0.04). Although further study is required, our findings provide a foundation for developing treatment strategies that factor in patients with specific disease phenotypes (which often require the use of aggressive hydration). These findings provide insights into underlying pathogenic mechanisms resulting in severe EVD and suggest direction for future research and development of effective treatment options.
Date Issued
2018-04-01
Date Acceptance
2017-11-14
Citation
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2018, 98 (4), pp.1186-1193
ISSN
0002-9637
Publisher
American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Start Page
1186
End Page
1193
Journal / Book Title
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Volume
98
Issue
4
Copyright Statement
© The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
[open-access] This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
[open-access] This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
License URL
Sponsor
Wellcome Trust
Subjects
11 Medical And Health Sciences
Tropical Medicine
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2018-02-05