A targeted reactivation of latent HIV-1 using an activator vector in patient samples from acute infection.
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Published version
OA Location
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
BACKGROUND: During combined anti-retroviral treatment, a latent HIV reservoir persists within resting memory CD4 T cells that initiates viral recrudescence upon treatment interruption. Strategies for HIV-1 cure have largely focused on latency reversing agents (LRAs) capable of reactivating and eliminating this viral reservoir. Previously investigated LRAs have largely failed to achieve a robust latency reversal sufficient for reduction of latent HIV pool or the potential of virus-free remission in the absence of treatment. METHODS: We utilize a polyvalent virus-like particle (VLP) formulation called Activator Vector (ACT-VEC) to 'shock' provirus into transcriptional activity. Ex vivo co-culture experiments were used to evaluate the efficacy of ACT-VEC in relation to other LRAs in individuals diagnosed and treated during the acute stage of infection. IFN-γ ELISpot, qRT-PCR and Illumina MiSeq were used to evaluate antigenicity, latency reversal, and diversity of induced virus respectively. FINDINGS: Using samples from HIV+ patients diagnosed and treated at acute/early infection, we demonstrate that ACT-VEC can reverse latency in HIV infected CD4 T cells to a greater extent than other major recall antigens as stimuli or even mitogens such as PMA/Iono. Furthermore, ACT-VEC activates more latent HIV-1 than clinically tested HDAC inhibitors or protein kinase C agonists. INTERPRETATION: Taken together, these results show that ACT-VEC can induce HIV reactivation from latently infected CD4 T cells collected from participants on first line combined antiretroviral therapy for at least two years after being diagnosed and treated at acute/early stage of infection. These findings could provide guidance to possible targeted cure strategies and treatments. FUNDING: NIH and CIHR.
Date Issued
2020-07-09
Date Acceptance
2020-06-09
Citation
EBioMedicine, 2020, 59, pp.1-15
ISSN
2352-3964
Publisher
Elsevier
Start Page
1
End Page
15
Journal / Book Title
EBioMedicine
Volume
59
Copyright Statement
© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Sponsor
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding
Medical Research Council (MRC)
British HIV Association (BHIVA)
American Foundation for AIDS Research
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32654992
PII: S2352-3964(20)30228-0
Grant Number
RDA02 79560
MR/L00528X/1
N/A
RES508221
Subjects
Activator vector (ACT-VEC)
HIV-1 Cure
HIV-1 Latency
Immunotherapy
Transcriptional reactivation
Virus-Like Particles
Publication Status
Published
Coverage Spatial
Netherlands
Date Publish Online
2020-07-09