Overbounding observation errors considering elevation-related distribution characteristics for maritime RT-PPP integrity monitoring
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Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Integrity monitoring ensures the reliability of Real-Time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) by calculating the Protection Level (PL) in maritime applications. Overbounding the non-ideal observation errors for the PL plays a vital role in suppressing Misleading Information (MI) and improving system availability, including significant non-Gaussian errors such as multipath. The traditional two-step overbounding algorithm always uses a global overbounding coefficient with the largest value to envelop all non-ideal distribution of observation errors. The non-Gaussian errors, like multipath, can cause severe the non-ideal distortion of low-elevation-angle satellite observation errors, leading to the generation of larger overbounding coefficients. Furthermore, the PL can be constructed based on the traditional two-step overbounding algorithm in the position-domain to envelope Positioning Error (PE), and the MI can also be avoided. However, the constructed PL suffers from excessive conservation, and may reduce system availability. Therefore, a non-ideal observation error overbounding method considering elevation-related distribution characteristics is developed for maritime RT-PPP integrity monitoring. The method integrates the two-step overbounding algorithm to determine the differentiated overbounding coefficients related to different elevation intervals. Meanwhile, it is validated using two sets of real maritime experimental data in offshore and ocean areas. The results demonstrate that the developed method generates PL that more closely matches the PE The availability of the integrity monitoring system is improved by 16.18% and 11.88% for the two scenarios, respectively. The developed method can enhance the availability level of integrity monitoring. It can be applied to the dynamic positioning system of offshore vessels, thereby reducing the risks in precise operations.
Date Issued
2026-03-11
Date Acceptance
2026-02-02
Citation
Satellite Navigation, 2026, 7
ISSN
2662-9291
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Journal / Book Title
Satellite Navigation
Volume
7
Copyright Statement
© The Author(s) 2026. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Publication Status
Published
Article Number
4
Date Publish Online
2026-03-11