In situ TOF-SIMS investigation of the dynamic metallic anode|Solid electrolyte interface in solid-state sodium-ion batteries
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Sukumaran, Sivakkumaran
Fearn, Sarah
Skinner, Stephen
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
The metal anode|solid electrolyte interface in sodium-ion batteries has become a critical focus in advancing next-generation batteries. Current interface characterization relies on postmortem analysis, which can compromise the chemical integrity of the interface. In this study, an innovative technique is presented for in situ investigation of the interface under vacuum using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Our findings demonstrate that metallic Na+ ions from the anode can diffuse, inducing charge/discharge cycling through the solid electrolyte, and mimic the behavior of conventional symmetric cells to form an in situ interface. Interface evolution and factors affecting the homogeneity of Na+ ion diffusion were observed, indicating an interphase formation, suggested to be Na2ZrO3, and homogeneity influenced by electrochemical age—inhomogeneous diffusion for non-aged and homogeneous diffusion for aged samples. This work offers an approach to probe interface evolution and sodium plating mechanisms at the metal anode|solid electrolyte interface under different electrochemical conditions.
Date Issued
2025-02-19
Date Acceptance
2025-01-21
Citation
Cell Reports Physical Science, 2025, 6 (2)
ISSN
2666-3864
Publisher
Elsevier
Journal / Book Title
Cell Reports Physical Science
Volume
6
Issue
2
Copyright Statement
© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
License URL
Identifier
10.1016/j.xcrp.2025.102447
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
102447
Date Publish Online
2025-02-11