Critical age windows in the impact of lifetime smoking exposure on respiratory symptoms and disease among ever smokers
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Supporting information
Supporting information
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Background: Despite extensive knowledge of smoking effects on respiratory disease, there is no study including all age windows of exposure among ever smokers. The objective of this study was to assess the effects from smoking exposure in utero, early childhood, adolescence and adulthood on respiratory health outcomes in adult men and women ever smokers.
Methods: Respiratory health outcomes were assessed in 10610 participants of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) I who reported history of ever smoking by questionnaire. The associations of maternal smoking in utero, maternal smoking during childhood, age of smoking debut and pack-years of smoking with respiratory symptoms, obstructive diseases and bronchial hyperreactivity were analysed using generalized linear regression and non-linearity between age of smoking debut and outcomes were assessed by Generalized additive mixed models.
Results: Respiratory symptoms and asthma were more frequent in adults if their mother smoked during pregnancy, and, in men, also if mother smoked in childhood. Wheeze and ≥3 respiratory symptoms declined with later smoking debut among women [≤10 years: OR=3.51, 95% CI 1.26, 9.73; 11-12 years: 1.57[1.01-2.44]; 13-15 years: 1.11[0.94-1.32] and ≤10 years: 3.74[1.56-8.83]; 11-12 years: 1.76[1.19-2.56]; 13-15 years: 1.12[0.94-1.35], respectively]. Effects with increasing number of packyears were pronounced in women (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): OR/10 packyears women: 1.33 [1.18, 1.50], men: 1.14 [1.04, 1.26] pinteraction=0.01).
Conclusions: Among ever smokers, smoking exposure in each stage of the lifespan show persistent harmful effects for adult respiratory health, while women appeared to be more vulnerable to an early age of smoking debut and amount of smoking in adulthood.
Methods: Respiratory health outcomes were assessed in 10610 participants of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) I who reported history of ever smoking by questionnaire. The associations of maternal smoking in utero, maternal smoking during childhood, age of smoking debut and pack-years of smoking with respiratory symptoms, obstructive diseases and bronchial hyperreactivity were analysed using generalized linear regression and non-linearity between age of smoking debut and outcomes were assessed by Generalized additive mixed models.
Results: Respiratory symptoms and asthma were more frequent in adults if their mother smoked during pregnancy, and, in men, also if mother smoked in childhood. Wheeze and ≥3 respiratory symptoms declined with later smoking debut among women [≤10 years: OR=3.51, 95% CI 1.26, 9.73; 11-12 years: 1.57[1.01-2.44]; 13-15 years: 1.11[0.94-1.32] and ≤10 years: 3.74[1.56-8.83]; 11-12 years: 1.76[1.19-2.56]; 13-15 years: 1.12[0.94-1.35], respectively]. Effects with increasing number of packyears were pronounced in women (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): OR/10 packyears women: 1.33 [1.18, 1.50], men: 1.14 [1.04, 1.26] pinteraction=0.01).
Conclusions: Among ever smokers, smoking exposure in each stage of the lifespan show persistent harmful effects for adult respiratory health, while women appeared to be more vulnerable to an early age of smoking debut and amount of smoking in adulthood.
Date Issued
2018-07-01
Date Acceptance
2018-02-20
Citation
Environmental Research, 2018, 164, pp.241-247
ISSN
0013-9351
Publisher
Elsevier
Start Page
241
End Page
247
Journal / Book Title
Environmental Research
Volume
164
Copyright Statement
© 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. This manuscript is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Sponsor
Medical Research Council (MRC)
Grant Number
G0901214
Subjects
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Environmental Sciences
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Environmental Sciences & Ecology
Cigarette smoking
Lung function
Asthma
Respiratory symptoms
ECRHS
LUNG-FUNCTION
YOUNG-ADULTS
CIGARETTE-SMOKING
HEALTH SURVEY
CHILDHOOD
ASTHMA
GENDER
RISK
POPULATION
BEHAVIOR
03 Chemical Sciences
05 Environmental Sciences
06 Biological Sciences
Toxicology
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2018-03-06