Influence of apparently negative personality characteristics on the long-term outcome of health anxiety: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It is known that personality has an influence on the outcome of mental state disorders, but detailed studies on its long-term impact are few. We examined the influence of personality status on the 8-year outcome of health anxiety and its relationship to the effects of cognitive behaviour therapy in a randomized controlled trial. AIMS: This study aims to examine both the usefulness of the diagnosis of personality disorder and an additional measure of pathological dependence, in predicting the outcome of medical patients with health anxiety treated with cognitive behaviour therapy. Because the influence of personality is often shown in the long term, these assessments covered the period of 8 years after randomization. An additional aim is to examine the costs of different levels of personality dysfunction in each treatment group. METHOD: Personality dysfunction, using both ICD-10 and ICD-11 classifications of severity, was assessed at baseline by interview in a randomized controlled trial. Patients were also assessed for pathological dependence using the Dependent Personality Questionnaire, also scored along a severity dimension. Four hundred forty-four patients from medical clinics with pathological health anxiety were treated with a modified form of cognitive behaviour therapy for health anxiety (CBT-HA) or standard care. Total costs over follow-up were calculated from hospital data and compared by personality group. RESULTS: At baseline, 381 (86%) had some personality dysfunction, mainly at the lower level of personality difficulty (not formally a disorder). One hundred eighty four (41%) had a personality disorder. A similar proportion was found with regard to dependent personality. Using the ICD-10 classification, 153 patients (34.6%) had a personality disorder, with 83 (54.2%) having anxious or dependent personality disorder, 20 (13.1%) having an anankastic disorder, but also with 66 (43.1%) having mixed disorder. During initial treatment, those with personality disorder adhered more closely to CBT-HA, and after 8 years, they had a significantly better outcome than those with personality difficulty and no personality disorder (p < 0.002). Similar results were found in those scoring high on the Dependent Personality Questionnaire. All these differences increased over the follow-up period. Costs were similar in all groups but were somewhat higher in the CBT-HA one; this finding is hypothesised to be due to fuller hospital treatment once health anxiety is discounted. CONCLUSION: Personality disorder in people with health anxiety, particularly in those who have anxious and dependent traits, reinforces the benefits of cognitive behaviour therapy, particularly in the longer term. © 2020 The Authors Personality and Mental Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Date Issued
2021-02
Date Acceptance
2020-09-02
Citation
Personality and Mental Health: multidisciplinary studies from personality dysfunction to criminal behaviour, 2021, 15 (1), pp.72-86
ISSN
1932-8621
Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Start Page
72
End Page
86
Journal / Book Title
Personality and Mental Health: multidisciplinary studies from personality dysfunction to criminal behaviour
Volume
15
Issue
1
Copyright Statement
© 2020 The Authors Personality and Mental Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
License URL
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32985777
Subjects
Science & Technology
Social Sciences
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Psychiatry
Psychology, Social
Psychology
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
DEPENDENT PERSONALITY
MEDICAL PATIENTS
DEPRESSION
DISORDERS
PATHOLOGY
QUESTIONNAIRE
PREVALENCE
EFFICACY
IMPACT
1103 Clinical Sciences
1117 Public Health and Health Services
1701 Psychology
Publication Status
Published
Coverage Spatial
England
Date Publish Online
2020-09-28