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Caffeine intake, plasma caffeine level, and kidney function: a Mendelian randomization study
File(s)
nutrients-15-04422-v2.pdf (1004.7 KB)
Published version
Author(s)
Giontella, Alice
de La Harpe, Roxane
Cronje, Héléne T
Zagkos, Loukas
Woolf, Benjamin
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Caffeine is a psychoactive substance widely consumed worldwide, mainly via sources such as coffee and tea. The effects of caffeine on kidney function remain unclear. We leveraged the genetic variants in the CYP1A2 and AHR genes via the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to estimate the association of genetically predicted plasma caffeine and caffeine intake on kidney traits. Genetic association summary statistics on plasma caffeine levels and caffeine intake were taken from genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses of 9876 and of >47,000 European ancestry individuals, respectively. Genetically predicted plasma caffeine levels were associated with a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measured using either creatinine or cystatin C. In contrast, genetically predicted caffeine intake was associated with an increase in eGFR and a low risk of chronic kidney disease. The discrepancy is likely attributable to faster metabolizers of caffeine consuming more caffeine-containing beverages to achieve the same pharmacological effect. Further research is needed to distinguish whether the observed effects on kidney function are driven by the harmful effects of higher plasma caffeine levels or the protective effects of greater intake of caffeine-containing beverages, particularly given the widespread use of drinks containing caffeine and the increasing burden of kidney disease.
Date Issued
2023-10-18
Date Acceptance
2023-10-16
Citation
Nutrients, 2023, 15 (20)
URI
DOI
ISSN
2072-6643
Publisher
MDPI AG
Journal / Book Title
Nutrients
Volume
15
Issue
20
Copyright Statement
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
License URL
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
ARTN 4422