A MILP model for optimising multi-service portfolios of distributed energy storage
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Accepted version
Author(s)
Moreno, R
Moreira, R
Strbac, G
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Energy storage has the potential to provide multiple services to several sectors in electricity industry and thus support activities related to generation, network and system operation. Hence aggregating the value delivered by storage to these sectors is paramount for promoting its efficient deployment in the near future, which will provide the level of flexibility needed to deal with the envisaged high renewables share and the increase in peak demand driven by transport and heating electrification. In this context, we develop a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model to schedule operation of distributed storage by coordinating provision of a range of system services which are rewarded at different market prices. The model maximises distributed storage’s net profit while providing distribution network congestion management, energy price arbitrage and various reserve and frequency regulation services through both active and reactive power control. We demonstrate benefits associated with the coordination of these services and its impacts on commercial strategies to determine optimal multi-service portfolios in the long term. We also demonstrate the value of reactive power control to support not only distribution network congestion management, but also efficient trading of energy and balancing services which are usually treated through active power-only control. In addition, we use the model to price the service of distribution network congestion management and propose an efficient investment policy to upgrade distribution network capacity in the presence of distributed storage. Finally, several case studies under current market conditions in Great Britain (GB) demonstrate that distributed storage revenues associated with frequency control services are significantly more profitable.
Date Issued
2015-01-01
Date Acceptance
2014-08-19
Citation
Applied Energy, 2015, 137 (1), pp.554-566
ISSN
0306-2619
Publisher
Elsevier
Start Page
554
End Page
566
Journal / Book Title
Applied Energy
Volume
137
Issue
1
Copyright Statement
© 2014 Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Sponsor
Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC)
Identifier
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261914008915?via%3Dihub
Grant Number
EP/K002252/1
Subjects
Science & Technology
Technology
Energy & Fuels
Engineering, Chemical
Engineering
Distributed energy storage
Multi-service co-optimisation
Commercial strategies
Energy and reserve services
Active and reactive power control
Power system economics
MARKETS
SYSTEMS
WIND
09 Engineering
14 Economics
Energy
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2014-09-11