Our understanding of the mechanics of contact behaviour for interacting particles has been developed mostly assumingthat surfaces are smooth. However,real particlesof interest inengineering science are generally rough. While recent studies have considered the influence of roughness on the normal force-displacement relationship, surface roughness was quantified using only a single scalar measure, disregardingthe topology of the surface. There are some conflicting arguments concerning the effect of roughness on the tangential or shear force-displacement relationship. In this study,optical interferometry data are used to generate the surface topology for input into a 3D finite element model. This model is used to investigate the sensitivity of the normal force-displacement response to thesurfacetopology by considering differentsurfaces with similar overall roughness values. The effect of surface roughness on the tangential force-displacement relationshipand the influence of loading history are also explored. The results indicate that quantifying roughness using a single value, such as the root mean square height of roughness, Sq, is insufficient to predict the effect of roughness upon stiffness. It is also shown that in the absenceof interlocking,rough particle surfaces exhibit a lower frictional resistance in comparison with equivalent smooth surfaces.