Frequency response from aggregated V2G chargers with uncertain EV connections
Author(s)
O'Malley, Cormac
Badesa, Luis
Teng, Fei
Strbac, Goran
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Fast frequency response (FR) is highly effective at securing frequency dynamics after a generator outage in low inertia systems. Electric vehicles (EVs) equipped with vehicle to grid (V2G) chargers could offer an abundant source of FR in future. However, the uncertainty associated with V2G aggregation, driven by the uncertain number of connected EVs at the time of an outage, has not been fully understood and prevents its participation in the existing service provision framework. To tackle this limitation, this paper, for the first time, incorporates such uncertainty into system frequency dynamics, from which probabilistic nadir and steady state frequency requirements are enforced via a derived moment-based distributionally-robust chance constraint. Field data from over 25,000 chargers is analysed to provide realistic parameters and connection forecasts to examine the value of FR from V2G chargers in annual operation of the GB 2030 system. The case study demonstrates that uncertainty of EV connections can be effectively managed through the proposed scheduling framework, which results in annual savings of Misplaced &6,300 or 37.4 tCO2 per charger. The sensitivity of this value to renewable capacity and FR delays is explored, with V2G capacity shown to be a third as valuable as the same grid battery capacity.
Date Issued
2023-07-01
Date Acceptance
2022-08-01
Citation
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2023, 38 (4), pp.3543-3556
ISSN
0885-8950
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Start Page
3543
End Page
3556
Journal / Book Title
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
Volume
38
Issue
4
Copyright Statement
© 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
Identifier
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9869748
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2022-08-29