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  5. Over-the-air federated edge learning with hierarchical clustering
 
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Over-the-air federated edge learning with hierarchical clustering
File(s)
hfl_journal_after_review_v9_dc.pdf (840.37 KB)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Aygun, Ozan
Kazemi, Mohammad
Gunduz, Deniz
Duman, Tolga M
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
We examine federated learning (FL) with over-the-air (OTA) aggregation, where mobile users (MUs) aim to reach a consensus on a global model with the help of a parameter server (PS) that aggregates the local gradients. In OTA FL, MUs train their models using local data at every training round and transmit their gradients simultaneously using the same frequency band in an uncoded fashion. Based on the received signal of the superposed gradients, the PS performs a global model update. While the OTA FL has a significantly decreased communication cost, it is susceptible to adverse channel effects and noise. Employing multiple antennas at the receiver side can reduce these effects, yet the path-loss is still a limiting factor for users located far away from the PS. To ameliorate this issue, in this paper, we propose a wireless-based hierarchical FL scheme that uses intermediate servers (ISs) to form clusters in the areas where the MUs are more densely located. Our scheme utilizes OTA cluster aggregations for the communication of the MUs with their corresponding IS, and OTA global aggregations from the ISs to the PS. We present a convergence analysis for the proposed algorithm, and show through numerical evaluations of the derived analytical expressions and experimental results that utilizing ISs results in a faster convergence and a better performance than the OTA FL alone while using less transmit power. We also validate the results on the performance using different numbers of cluster iterations with different datasets and data distributions. We conclude that the best choice of cluster aggregations depends on the data distribution among the MUs and the clusters.
Date Issued
2024-12-01
Date Acceptance
2024-08-27
Citation
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2024, 23 (12), pp.17856-17871
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/118412
URL
https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2024.3457591
DOI
https://www.dx.doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2024.3457591
ISSN
1536-1276
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Start Page
17856
End Page
17871
Journal / Book Title
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Volume
23
Issue
12
Copyright Statement
Copyright © 2024 IEEE. This is the author’s accepted manuscript made available under a CC-BY licence in accordance with Imperial’s Research Publications Open Access policy (www.imperial.ac.uk/oa-policy)
License URL
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Subjects
AGGREGATION
CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS
Data models
DESIGN
federated learning
hierarchical clustering
Machine learning
over-the-air aggregation
over-the-air communications
Servers
Telecommunications
Vectors
wireless communications
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2024-09-17
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