Return-time and pullback-convergence properties of statistical attractors
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Published version
Author(s)
Newman, Julian
Ashwin, Peter
Rasmussen, Martin
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Various definitions of an attractor for a nonlinear dynamical system have been proposed. These use various assumptions on the set of initial conditions that should converge (the basin), and various notions of convergence. A weak assumption on the basin is the measure attractor of Milnor, which requires that the basin has positive measure. A weak assumption of the notion of convergence is the statistical attractor due to Ilyashenko, which requires that limiting to the attractor occurs on a set of future times of full density. We point out that many examples of statistical attractors actually satisfy a stronger definition which we call a bounded-return-time attractor, and we investigate such attractors. We also give an improved definition for the notion of pullback measure attraction. This was originally developed to understand attractors in nonautonomous systems, but we note here that it is helpful for understanding convergence towards statistical attractors in the autonomous setting. We investigate implications between all these different notions of attractors. We also investigate which of these notions are fulfilled by a hyperbolic fixed point with a homoclinic loop.
Date Issued
2025-04-01
Date Acceptance
2025-03-07
Citation
Nonlinearity, 2025, 38 (4)
ISSN
0951-7715
Publisher
IOP Publishing
Journal / Book Title
Nonlinearity
Volume
38
Issue
4
Copyright Statement
© 2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd and the London Mathematical Society. Original Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
License URL
Identifier
10.1088/1361-6544/adbe21
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
045022
Date Publish Online
2025-03-25