Incident response planning using a lightweight large language model with reduced hallucination
File(s)ndss_2026_camera_ready.pdf (1.72 MB)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Hammar, Kim
Lupu, Emil
Alpcan, Tansu
Type
Conference Paper
Abstract
Timely and effective incident response is key to managing the growing frequency of cyberattacks. However, identifying the right response actions for complex systems is a major technical challenge. A promising approach to mitigate this challenge is to use the security knowledge embedded in large language models (LLMs) to assist security operators during incident handling. Recent research has demonstrated the potential of this approach, but current methods are mainly based on prompt engineering of frontier LLMs, which is costly and prone
to hallucinations. We address these limitations by presenting a novel way to use an LLM for incident response planning with reduced hallucination. Our method includes three steps: fine-tuning, information retrieval, and lookahead planning. We prove that our method generates response plans with a bounded probability of hallucination and that this probability can be made arbitrarily small at the expense of increased planning time under certain assumptions. Moreover, we show that our method is lightweight and can run on commodity hardware. We evaluate our method on logs from incidents reported in the literature. The experimental results show that our method a) achieves up to 22% shorter recovery times than frontier LLMs and b) generalizes to a broad range of incident types and response actions.
to hallucinations. We address these limitations by presenting a novel way to use an LLM for incident response planning with reduced hallucination. Our method includes three steps: fine-tuning, information retrieval, and lookahead planning. We prove that our method generates response plans with a bounded probability of hallucination and that this probability can be made arbitrarily small at the expense of increased planning time under certain assumptions. Moreover, we show that our method is lightweight and can run on commodity hardware. We evaluate our method on logs from incidents reported in the literature. The experimental results show that our method a) achieves up to 22% shorter recovery times than frontier LLMs and b) generalizes to a broad range of incident types and response actions.
Date Acceptance
2025-12-08
Citation
Proceedings of the Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium 2026
ISBN
979-8-9919276-8-0
Publisher
NDSS
Journal / Book Title
Proceedings of the Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium 2026
Copyright Statement
© The Author(s). This paper is embargoed until publication.
Source
Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium 2026
Publication Status
Accepted
Start Date
2026-02-23
Finish Date
2026-02-27
Coverage Spatial
San Diego CA, USA