Context is key: grammatical error detection with contextual word representations
File(s)W19-4410.pdf (1.06 MB)
Published version
OA Location
Author(s)
Bell, Samuel
Yannakoudakis, Helen
Rei, Marek
Type
Conference Paper
Abstract
Grammatical error detection (GED) in non-native writing requires systems to identify a wide range of errors in text written by language learners. Error detection as a purely supervised task can be challenging, as GED datasets are limited in size and the label distributions are highly imbalanced. Contextualized word representations offer a possible solution, as they can efficiently capture compositional information in language and can be optimized on large amounts of unsupervised data. In this paper, we perform a systematic comparison of ELMo, BERT and Flair embeddings (Peters et al., 2017; Devlin et al., 2018; Akbik et al., 2018) on a range of public GED datasets, and propose an approach to effectively integrate such representations in current methods, achieving a new state of the art on GED. We further analyze the strengths and weaknesses of different contextual embeddings for the task at hand, and present detailed analyses of their impact on different types of errors.
Date Issued
2019-08-02
Date Acceptance
2019-08-02
Citation
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications, 2019, Proceedings of the Fourteenth Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications, pp.103-115
Publisher
Association for Computational Linguistics
Start Page
103
End Page
115
Journal / Book Title
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications
Volume
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications
Copyright Statement
© 2019 Association for Computational Linguistics. Materials published in or after 2016 are licensed on a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
License URL
Identifier
https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-4410/
Source
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications
Publication Status
Published
Start Date
2019-08-02
Finish Date
2019-08-02
Coverage Spatial
Florence, Italy
Date Publish Online
2019-08-02