Dear Spiral user, We’re pleased to introduce Helix, https://helix.imperial.ac.uk/ Imperial’s new repository for research datasets. Please use Helix for all future dataset deposits. There is no change to Spiral - continue depositing as usual. For queries, contact the Research Data Management team at rdm-enquiries@imperial.ac.uk. Kind regards, the Spiral Team. The Spiral team
Completely characterizing multimode second-order nonlinear optical quantum processes
File(s)
Revised_Manuscript.pdf (18.71 MB)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Gwak, Geunhee
Roh, Chan
Yoon, Young-Do
Kim, MS
Ra, Young-Sik
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Complete characterization of a multimode optical process has paved the way for understanding complex optical phenomena, leading to the development of novel optical technologies. Until now, however, characterizations have mainly focused on linear optical processes, despite the importance of nonlinear optical processes for photonic technologies. Here we report the complete experimental characterization of multimode second-order nonlinear optical quantum processes—also known as bosonic Gaussian channels. Our resource-efficient characterization method, demonstrated on a 16-mode quantum process, captures the full information of non-unitary quantum evolution and satisfies the required physical condition. This complete characterization enables the identification of eigenquadratures and their associated amplification and noise properties. Moreover, we demonstrate the broad applicability of our method by characterizing various nonlinear optical quantum processes, including cluster-state generation, mode-dependent loss with nonlinear interaction and a quantum noise channel. Our method, by providing a versatile and efficient technique for characterizing a nonlinear optical process, will be beneficial for developing scalable photonic technologies.
Date Issued
2026-02-01
Date Acceptance
2025-09-24
Citation
Nature Photonics, 2026, 20, pp.156-162
URI
URL
DOI
ISSN
1749-4885
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Start Page
156
End Page
162
Journal / Book Title
Nature Photonics
Volume
20
Copyright Statement
Copyright © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2025. This is the author’s accepted manuscript made available under a CC-BY licence in accordance with Imperial’s Research Publications Open Access policy (www.imperial.ac.uk/oa-policy)
License URL
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2025-11-11